Uncategorized – Baby Care

Seven reasons babies cry and how to soothe them

March 13, 2019 Posted in UncategorizedLeave a comment

Your baby is fully dependent on you. You provide her with the food, warmth and comfort that she needs. When she cries, it’s her way of communicating those needs and asking you for attention and care.

It’s sometimes hard to work out which need your baby wants you to take care of. But as your baby grows, she’ll learn other ways of communicating with you. For example, she’ll get better at eye contact, making noises and smiling.

In the meantime, here are some reasons why your baby may cry, and what you can try to soothe her.

I’m crying because I’m hungry

Hunger is one of the most common reasons why your baby will cry, especially if she’s a newborn. The younger your baby is, the more likely it is that she’s hungry.

Your baby’s stomach is small and can’t hold very much. So it won’t take long before she needs another feed. If you’re breastfeeding, offer her your breast, even if her last feed doesn’t seem that long ago. This is called responsive feeding. Your baby will let you know when she’s had enough, by coming off your breast in her own time, and seeming content and settled.

If you’re formula-feeding, your baby may not need more milk for at least two hours after her last feed. Every baby is different, though. If your baby is consistently not finishing her feeds, she may prefer to drink formula little and often. In this case, you could try offering her another feed earlier.

Your baby may not stop crying immediately, but let her keep feeding if she wants to.

I’m crying because I have colic

If your baby cries a lot, but is otherwise healthy, she may have colic. Your baby may become flushed and frustrated, and refuse your efforts to soothe her. She may clench her fists, draw up her knees, or arch her back.

The exact cause of persistent crying isn’t clear. It’s so common in babies, that many experts think it may simply be a normal developmental stage.

Other experts think that it may be associated with tummy problems. For example, an allergy or intolerance to something in your breastmilk, or a type of formula milk. Or it may be linked to wind, constipation or reflux, when your baby brings up feeds.

If you think your baby is crying excessively, take her to your GP to rule out any other causes. Your doctor will check that nothing more serious is causing your baby’s distress.

Whatever the cause, living with a baby who regularly cries inconsolably can be very stressful. It’s important to look after yourself too, so that you have the patience and energy to soothe your little one. These tactics may help you cope with colic.

Remember that this phase will pass: colic tends to peak at two months, and is usually gone by around three to four months.

I’m crying because I need to be held

Your baby needs lots of cuddling, physical contact and reassurance to comfort her. So her crying may mean that she just wants to be held.

Swaying and singing to her while you hold her close, will help to distract and comfort her.

You could try babywearing with a sling or carrier to keep your baby close to you for longer periods. She loves the sound of your heartbeat, the warmth of your body and your smell.How to hold a crying babyPlay VideoCheck out our video for five ways to hold and soothe a crying baby.

I’m crying because I’m tired and I need a rest

Your baby may find it hard to get to sleep, particularly if she’s over-tired. The younger your baby is, the more subtle her sleep cues are, so it may take a few weeks for you to recognise the signs. Fussing and crying at the slightest thing, staring blankly into space, and being quiet and still are just some of the ways in which your baby tells you she needs some shut eye.

Lots of attention from doting visitors may over-stimulate your baby and make it hard for her to sleep, as can too much rocking and singing. Try taking her to a quiet room after a feed and before bed to help her calm down and switch off.

I’m crying because I’m too cold or too hot

You can check whether your baby is too hot or too cold by feeling her tummy or the back of her neck. Don’t be guided by the temperature of your baby’s hands or feet. It’s normal for them to feel colder than the rest of her body.

Keep the temperature of your baby’s room between 16 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Use a room thermometer to keep track of the temperature. Place her down to sleep on her back with her feet at the foot of her cot. That way she can’t wriggle down under the blankets and become too hot.

Take care not to overdress your baby, or she may become overheated. As a general rule, she needs to wear one more layer of clothing than you to be comfortable.

Use cotton sheets and cellular blankets as bedding in your baby’s cot or Moses basket. If her tummy feels too hot, remove a blanket or layer, and if it feels cold, simply add one. If you’re using a sleeping bag, make sure it’s the right tog for the season and the right size for your baby.

I’m crying because I need my nappy changing

Your baby may protest if she has a wet or soiled nappy. Some babies don’t seem to mind unless their skin feels irritated.

If your baby doesn’t like having her nappy changed, it may be because of the strange feeling of cold air on her skin. After a week or so, you’ll probably be a pro at quick nappy changes. Otherwise, distracting your baby with a song or a toy she can look at during changes may work well.

I’m crying because I don’t feel well

If your baby’s unwell, she’ll probably cry in a different tone from the one you’re used to. It may be weaker, more urgent, continuous, or high-pitched. If she usually cries a lot but has become unusually quiet, this may also be a sign that she’s not well. Here’s how to spot the signs that your baby may be poorly.

Teething may also cause your baby to be more upset than usual. Babies are often irritable and restless in the week before a new tooth comes through. Learn the other signs of teething to look out for.

Nobody knows your baby as well as you do. If you feel that something’s not right, trust your instincts and call your GP, midwife or health visitor. Health professionals will always take your concerns seriously.

Call your doctor straight away if your baby is persistently crying and has a fever of 38C or above (if she’s less than three months old) or 39C or above (if she’s three months to six months), is vomiting, or has diarrhoea or constipation.

If your baby has difficulty breathing through her crying, call 111 for advice immediately or take her to your nearest accident and emergency (A&E).

My baby’s still crying. How can I soothe her?

As you gradually get to know your baby’s personality, you’ll learn which techniques work best for her. If a cuddle or a feed doesn’t do the trick, these suggestions may help:

Play a constant sound

In your womb, your baby could hear the beat of your heart. She probably enjoys being held close to you now because your heartbeat is so familiar.

Other noises mimic the sounds she’ll have heard in your womb. The repetitive noise of a vacuum cleaner, washing machine or hairdryer may help to lull your baby to sleep.

White noise can also help to soothe your baby. Download an app to your phone or buy a toy that plays a range of sounds, from ocean waves to raindrops.

Rock and sway your baby

Most babies love to be gently rocked. You could rock her:

in your arms while you walk around
in a rocking chair
in a baby swing

You could also try taking her for a ride in your car or for a walk in her pushchair.

Try a massage or a tummy rub

Using unscented massage oils or cream specially formulated for babies, gently rub your baby’s back or tummy in a clockwise direction.

Massaging your baby’s tummy can help with her digestion, and your touch will help to soothe and comfort her. Regular massage may help your baby to cry and fuss less. The best time for massage is when your baby is settled and alert. If she cries during the massage, she’s telling you she’s had enough, so stop and give her a cuddle.

Watch our calming massage video for babies.

Try a different feeding position

Some babies cry during or after feeds. If you’re breastfeeding, you may find that changing the way your baby latches on helps her to feed calmly, without crying or fussing. Ask your health visitor or breastfeeding counsellor to check your positioning.

If your breastfed or bottle-fed baby seems to have painful wind during feeds, she may prefer to feed in a more upright position.

Burp your baby after a feed by holding her against your shoulder and gently patting or rubbing her back. If your baby cries straight after a feed though, she may still be hungry, so offer her your other breast or more formula milk.

Let her suck on something

For some babies, the need to suck is very strong. If you’re breastfeeding, you could let your baby suckle your breast for comfort. Alternatively, let her suck on your clean finger or knuckle. Or you could offer her a dummy, if you think it may help her.

Give her a warm bath

A soothing bath may help your baby to calm down. Check the water temperature before placing her in the bath. It should be about 37 degrees C to 38 degrees C. If you don’t have a thermometer, dip your elbow into the water. It should feel neither hot nor cold.

Bear in mind that a bath may also make some babies cry more, if they don’t enjoy the sensation of being in water. In time, you’ll get to know your baby’s likes and dislikes.

What should I do if nothing seems to help?

It’s normal for babies to cry, so try not to blame yourself if your baby simply won’t be soothed.

Your baby may just naturally cry a lot in the early weeks. Crying tends to peak at around two months, and usually starts to ease off after that. But in the meantime, it’s likely to make you and your partner feel stressed and unhappy at times. If she’s resisting every effort to calm her down, you may feel rejected and frustrated.

Try to remember that you are not the cause of her crying. Sometimes, simply accepting that you have a baby who cries a lot can help. If you’ve met your baby’s immediate needs and tried everything you can to calm her, it’s time to take care of yourself:

Put your baby in her cot and let her cry for a few minutes out of your range of hearing. Take deep breaths and let yourself relax for a moment or two.
If you and your baby are both upset and you’ve tried everything, call a friend or relative for support. Give yourself a break and let someone else take over for a while.
Find a local support group or parent-and-baby group. That way you can meet other new parents in the same situation and offer each other moral support.
Talk to your health visitor or GP about coping strategies before everything gets too much. Don’t let things build up, as it could make things harder for you and your baby.

This crying is probably just a phase. It is very common and it will pass. As your baby grows, she’ll learn new ways of communicating her needs to you. And when this happens, the excessive crying will soon stop.

How can I get my baby to sleep through the night?

March 13, 2019 Posted in UncategorizedLeave a comment

Why won’t my baby sleep through the night?

There are all sorts of reasons why your baby may be waking through the night. She may need a feed, she may want your comfort and reassurance during the night, or she may benefit from a more consistent bedtime routine to help her settle. Teethingcan also upset your baby’s routine and sleep patterns.

If your baby is waking in the night, your own sleep patterns will be disturbed. Feeling sapped of energy and constantly tired as a result may make it hard to function, as well as make you more prone to depression.

Of course, many babies continue to wake through the night for many months, even when they’re not hungry. If you can cope with the night-time interruptions, then you may wish to wait and let your baby sleep through the night in his own time. But if you’re finding it hard to cope with the lack of sleep, and it’s affecting how you parent your baby, it may be time to try something new.

What can I do to help my baby settle?

These tactics may help your baby to sleep better when she’s as young as six weeks old. Try to be consistent, even at weekends.

Make daytime feeds social and lively, and night-time feeds quiet and calm. This will help your baby to set her body clock and learn the difference between day and night.
Give your baby the chance to fall asleep on her own. You can start this as early as six weeks as your baby’s natural circadian rhythms, or the ‘sleep-wake cycle’, which helps regulate her sleep, start to develop. Put her down on her back when she’s sleepy, but still awake. If you rock or feed your baby to sleep she may start to depend on it, rather than be used to settling herself.
Set a short and simple bedtime routine from about three months. It helps to encourage some quiet time half an hour before you start your routine. Turning off the television and winding down activities will set the scene and help your baby to relax.
Start with a bath and then pop your baby into her pyjamas. Follow with a story or lullaby. You could also try giving your baby a calming massage. A consistent bedtime routine will gradually let your baby know that it’s time to go to sleep. Finish the bedtime ritual in the room where your baby sleeps (your baby should sleep in the same room as you for the first six months). This routine should last no longer than about 30 minutes.
If your baby is over six months old, give her a security object, such as a baby blanket or stuffed animal. At around six months or seven months, your baby begins to become aware of separation from you, so having a familiar object in her cot can be comforting at night. Don’t give your baby a comforter or soft toy if she’s younger than six months, as this can pose an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Before putting the toy in her cot, keep it near you for a while so it smells of you. If you’re breastfeeding, you could try expressing some breastmilk on a small piece of muslin. Babies have a strong sense of smell, and when she startles awake, the smell of you will calm her down.
Wait to see if your baby settles by herself, if she is four months or five months old. By this age she’s likely to need fewer night feeds and may be able to sleep for longer. If she’s crying after you put her down, listen for a few seconds before you go to her, as this gives her time to try to settle herself. If she continues to cry, go to her and pat her gently and tell her everything’s fine, but it’s time for sleep. Then leave the room and wait for a couple of minutes, then check again. If after the third or fourth try, you still feel she’s getting distressed, you may want to pick her up to check she’s all right. If all is well, repeat the process.

The mighty bedtime routinePlay VideoSettling your baby at night can prove challenging. See how to create a calming bedtime routine with these nine tips.More baby videos

What sleep training methods can I try?

If you think your baby is ready, you may want to try the controlled crying method, which means leaving your baby for a few minutes before returning, but extending the time you leave her between each visit. Experts suggest starting with intervals of two minutes and gradually working your way up to intervals of 10 minutes.

It can be hard to leave your baby crying, even if it’s for just a short period. Be reassured that a lot of research has been carried out on controlled crying and its effects on babies. The research found that it doesn’t cause harm to your baby and it can help your baby sleep. However, you shouldn’t leave your baby to cry for long periods at night.

If controlled crying isn’t for you, and for many parents it isn’t, there are lots of other approaches you could try to help your baby sleep.

One small study focused on letting parents choose when they comforted their baby, instead of setting strict intervals. The parents were told to gradually reduce how much they went in to comfort their baby, at their own pace. The results showed improved sleep for both babies and parents.

The following strategies may also help:

Cuddle up if you’d like your baby to sleep in your bed. Comfort her so she knows it’s time for sleep. Lie down together and cuddle her, pretending to sleep, firmly letting her know it’s bedtime. But make sure you are aware of how to make co-sleeping safe. If your baby is six months or younger, it’s safest for her to sleep in a cot next to your bed.
Share the role of comforter with your partner, so both of you can help your baby fall back to sleep. Once your baby is old enough not to need a night-time feed, she can learn to be comforted by your partner. She may stop needing anyone when she learns there’s no food involved.
Tune in to your baby’s needs. During the day, you could make her feel secure by babywearing. If she wakes in the night, try to work out why. Is her nappy full? Are her night clothes comfortable? Has she got a cold?

If your baby is still waking after you’ve tucked her in, her age may have something to do with how well she settles. So try to adapt your approach to her stage of development.

What do I need to buy?

March 13, 2019 Posted in UncategorizedLeave a comment

With so many baby products on the market, it can be hard to know what you really need and what is just a nice extra. Here’s a rundown of the essentials to help you with your shopping list.

Baby clothes

At least eight all-in-one suits will be very handy. Small babies tend to live in these during their first few months and really don’t need to wear anything else, apart from a vest underneath in winter and a cardigan over the top if it is cold.
At least six vests also known as body suits, with envelope necks and poppers underneath. These can be worn under all-in-ones, or on their own if it’s hot. Short and long-sleeved versions are available for different times of the year.
One or two cardigans to provide an extra layer of clothing.
If it is winter, your baby may need a coat or all-in-one suit. If you spend a lot of time in the car, choose one that is not too thick, otherwise there’s a risk your baby will get too hot.
A soft, cosy hat will be essential in winter. If your baby was premature, or the weather in summer is cool, a cotton jersey pull-on hat is also useful.
If you choose all-in-one suits that cover your baby’s feet, you won’t need socks. They are very fiddly on newborn babies anyway and tend to keep falling off or get lost!

Nappies

As newborn babies will need their nappies changed 10 times to 12 times a day, buy enough to keep you going for at least the first few days or so. You will also need nappy sacks and wet wipes (or cotton wool ).
If you are planning to use reusable nappies, you will need at least 15 nappies suitable for your newborn baby. You will also need a bucket (nappy bucket) , nappy liners, and some nappy steriliser. It’s also probably a good idea to have at least one packet of disposable nappies handy too, in case you get behind with the washing during the early weeks.

Feeding equipment

If you’re breastfeeding, you will need nursing bras and breast pads.
Bottles , teats, bottle brushes, and a steriliser or some other sterilising method are vital if you are bottle-feeding. Cotton bibs can be useful, too.

What do I need for my baby’s bedding?

A Moses basket, crib, or cot.
If your baby is going straight into a cot, you will need sheets and cellular blankets , or a fitted bottom sheet and a baby sleeping bag . If your baby is going to have a Moses basket or crib, you will need three sheets or four sheets, and several pram-size blankets.
A mattress that fits the Moses basket or cot.
A lightweight, cotton jersey or cotton wrap is useful to make your baby feel secure without overheating during the early weeks.

Bathing

A baby bath can be useful, but they do take up a lot of room if space is limited. A newborn bath support will hold your baby safely in the main bath and is much cheaper.
Baby towels are useful, but not essential. Babies are just as cosy wrapped in a small bath towel.
A mild, liquid baby cleanser or bath emollient to protect your baby’s delicate skin, cotton flannels and/or cotton wool.

Travel

A pram, pushchair, or buggy that lies flat, so is suitable for newborn babies. You’ll need a raincover and, in summer, a sunshade .
A rear-facing car seat, if your baby will be travelling by car. Sun blinds for the car are also useful in the summer.

Packing your hospital bagPlay VideoDiscover what to pack in your hospital bag ready for when you go into labour.

Other essentials

A changing bag is essential for holding all the bits and pieces you now need to take with you whenever you leave the house. Choose a bag with a changing mat and space for wet wipes , lots of nappies and your baby’s bottle (if you’re bottle-feeding). If you’re very organised, you may prefer a bag with lots of compartments. Otherwise, choose a simpler style, as you can end up wasting a lot of time looking for that vital, but buried, item!
Muslin squares have a multitude of uses. Don’t leave home without them! As well as protecting your clothes from the inevitable baby sick and mopping up dribbles, they provide a soft surface to rest your baby’s head on.

Choosing a milk formula

March 13, 2019 Posted in UncategorizedLeave a comment

Choosing which formula to feed your baby can be baffling and you may feel overwhelmed by the choice. Our guide to formula milks will help you to choose the right type for your baby.

What types of formula milk are there?

There are four different types of formula:

cow’s milk-based formula
goat’s milk-based formula
hydrolysed protein formula
soya-based formula

Cow’s milk-based formula

Most baby formula milks are based on modified cow’s milk. You can also get special types of formula manufactured for premature babies.

Milk can be broken down into two types of protein, which are curds (casein) and whey. Casein is lumpy and whey is watery. The ratio of casein to whey can vary according to the type of baby formula milk. There are two main types:

First milks. These milks are based on whey, with a casein:whey ratio of 40:60, which is about the same as breastmilk. They are suitable for your baby from birth up to about a year, and are thought to be easier for your baby to digest than casein-based milks.
Milk for hungry babies. These milks consist of mostly casein, with a casein:whey ratio of 80:20. Manufacturers claim that the higher casein content means that the milk takes longer to digest, keeping your baby fuller for longer.

However, your baby will only ever need first milk to get all the nutrients she needs. So you don’t need to worry about switching to another milk if you don’t want to.

If you are changing your baby’s milk, be careful to follow the instructions and use the measuring scoop that comes with the new milk. Using too much powder could make your baby constipated. Although many milk manufacturers market their hungry baby milk as suitable from birth, the higher concentration of casein means that a young baby may find the milk hard to digest. It is therefore best to not give this type of formula to a young baby.

If your baby doesn’t seem content with the formula you first started her on, talk to your health visitor before changing formulas.

When your baby’s a year old, you can move her from formula milk to cow’s milk. Cow’s milk is not recommended as a main drink for babies under the age of one because it’s lower in iron and nutrients, such as vitamin E and has too much of some other minerals, such as sodium and potassium . However, you can use small amounts in cooking or preparing food for your baby when she’s six months or older and has started solids.

Goat’s milk-based formula

Both goat’s milk infant formula and goat’s milk follow-on formula are available to buy in the UK. They are produced to the same nutritional standards as cow’s milk formula.

Goat’s milk infant formula and follow-on formula is not a suitable alternative to cow’s milk formula for babies with an allergy to the proteins in cow’s milk. This is because the proteins in cow’s and goat’s milk are so similar that a baby with an allergy is likely to react to goat’s milk, too.

Babies and children with cow’s milk allergy can go in to anaphylaxis after ingesting goat’s milk, so it is best avoided in these circumstances, unless a health professional advises you otherwise.

When your baby’s a year old, you can move her from goat’s milk formula to goat’s milk. Goat’s milk is not recommended as a main drink for babies under the age of one year old because it’s lower in nutrients and minerals, such as iron. However, you can use small amounts in cooking or preparing food for your baby when she’s six months or older, and has started solids.

Hydrolysed-protein formula

There are two versions of hydrolysed milk available:

fully hydrolysed formula
partially hydrolysed formula

Fully hydrolysed formula is specially designed for babies with an allergy or intolerance to cow’s milk. It is only available by prescription.

If your baby has a cow’s milk allergy, the protein in the milk will cause an allergic reaction. And if she has an intolerance to cow’s milk, she will have difficulty digesting the sugar, called lactose, in the milk.

Fully hydrolysed formula milks are based on cow’s milk and have the same nutrients as standard formula milk. But the protein in the milk is hydrolysed, which means it is broken down so your baby is less likely to react to it. These milks are also generally lactose-free, so babies with an intolerance to cow’s milk can digest them easily.

If you think your baby has a cow’s milk allergy or intolerance, always see your doctor or health visitor before changing your baby’s milk. If your baby is diagnosed with an allergy to cow’s milk protein, your doctor can prescribe a fully hydrolysed-protein formula. However, if your baby is only intolerant to cow’s milk, your GP may suggest simply buying a lactose-free formula instead. You can buy these over the counter.

Partially hydrolysed formula

This type of formula milk is made completely from whey protein. It is marketed as being easier to digest, and as suitable for babies suffering from colic, wind, and stomach pain. They are also sometimes promoted as being good for babies with allergies.

However, there’s no firm evidence that this milk is easier to digest. It is also best to not give this milk to a baby with a cow’s milk allergy as not all of the milk proteins in partially hydrolysed milk have been broken down.

If you think that your baby may have a milk allergy, take her to your GP.

Soya-based formula

Soya-based formula is made from soya beans. It is modified with vitamins, minerals, and nutrients to make it suitable for formula milk.

Only give your baby soya-based formula on the advice of your doctor, health visitor, or paediatrician. Even though manufacturers market their soya formulas as suitable for babies from birth, health professionals don’t recommend them for babies under six months.

Soya formula is also not recommended if your baby has a cow’s milk allergy. Up to six in ten babies who are sensitive to cow’s milk are also sensitive to soya, too.

If you decide to move your baby on to soya milk once she is six months old, make sure that you take extra care with her growing teeth. Soya formula milks can damage your baby’s teeth over time, because they are often sweetened with glucose syrup.

Read more about taking care of your baby’s teeth.

What kind of formula milk does my older baby need?

Some formula milk is marketed for babies from six months old because it is higher in iron, which growing babies need. However, these milks are not nutritionally necessary as they offer no real advantages over standard formula milks.

Your baby will still get iron and other nutrients she needs from her normal formula, which you can then top up with solid foods. If your baby is happy with her usual formula, there is no need to switch.

Milks marketed for older babies include:

Follow-on milks

These are milks with higher protein and mineral content than ordinary infant formula. They are sold as suitable for babies from six months old. Follow-on milks are advertised as more nutritious than cow’s milk because they contain added iron, vitamins and minerals.

However, research has found no clear benefit for babies. Comparisons with cow’s milk are also misleading, as cow’s milk is not recommended as a drink for babies under one year old.

Goodnight milks

These are follow-on milks with added cereal, which are marketed as helping babies to sleep better at night. However, there’s no evidence that they help babies to settle at night or that they take longer to digest.

If your baby is under six months old, don’t give goodnight milk to her. This is because cereal isn’t suitable for younger babies. It’s also best not to offer your baby this milk if she has a tendency to be a bit overweight.

Growing-up milks

Growing-up milks are marketed at parents as being better than cow’s milk because they contain added iron and other vitamins and minerals. They are promoted to be used for babies from about one year old.

But if your baby is healthy, growing-up milk isn’t needed. Once your baby’s a year old she can have full-fat cow’s milk as her main drink, along with a variety of solid foods. This should provide her with all the essential vitamins and minerals she needs.

However, it’s easy for small children to miss out on important nutrients as they get used to eating regular meals. The Department of Health therefore recommends that all children aged between six months and five years are given a supplement. The supplement comes in the form of drops, containing vitamins A, C and D. You may be entitled to free drops under the Healthy Start Scheme.

If your child is having vitamin drops and eating well, she won’t need growing up milk. Although growing up milks have added nutrients, they are also high in sugar. This could damage your child’s teeth and her health in the long-term. If you are unsure about feeding supplements or growing up milk, speak to your GP.

What’s the cost and preparation time of formula milk?

Formula milk does take time to prepare. Depending on the sterilisingmethod and the type of formula you use, making up one bottle could take around 30 minutes to 40 minutes. So if you give your baby six bottles a day, and prepare each one at the time, you could spend up to four hours a day preparing your baby’s formula feeds.

Most formula milks are sold as dry milk powder, packaged in tins. You make up the formula by adding scoops of the dried milk powder to boiled water that has been left to cool slightly.
Some brands are available in pre-measured sachets that contain the right amount of formula for one feed. These can be a bit pricier, but they are useful when you’re travelling or when you want to make sure a feed is made up accurately. You can also buy ready-made formula milk, which is more expensive, but very handy for when you’re out for the day or on holiday.

Prices vary by brand, type, and retailer, but start at about £8 for a 900g tin of powdered cow’s milk-based formula milk. You generally pay about the same for soya-based infant formulas and lactose-free formulas. Goat’s milk formula costs more. Hydrolysed-protein formula also costs more, although you can get fully hydrolysed formula on prescription if your baby has a cow’s milk intolerance or allergy.

After birth bonding

March 13, 2019 Posted in UncategorizedLeave a comment

What is bonding?

Bonding is the feeling that makes you want to shower your baby with love, when you know you would do anything to protect her.

And while you’re savouring the high, the feel-good hormone dopamine that’s coursing through your body is also helping your baby to attach emotionally to you.

You probably started to bond with your baby while she was in your tummy. This love-before-sight may have begun when you first felt her movements or hiccups.

Or bonding may have started when you saw your baby at your ultrasound scans, getting bigger every time. Or you may have felt the love grow as you massaged or talked to your bump.

Will I bond with my baby straight after birth?

You may do, but try not to worry if you don’t. Some, but not all, parents feel a deep attachment to their baby straight after the birth. The hormone oxytocin, which is released during pregnancy and in greater amounts during labour, helps to create a feeling of euphoria and love for your newborn. You may feel an overwhelming urge to protect your baby from the first moment you see her.

For other parents, strong feelings of attachment take a little longer to develop. You may simply feel too tired after your baby’s birth to bond with her straight away. Or perhaps you had a long labour, or a difficult birth, and this has affected your feelings.

Your baby may have been born with a health problem, which may make you feel worried or distressed. Or perhaps you feel disappointed about your baby’s gender. These feelings are understandable and entirely normal.

If you have twins, you may find bonding with both your babies a challenge at first. It may be that one baby needs to be cared for in the neonatal unit(NNU) while your other baby stays with you on the postnatal ward.

If that’s the case, your midwife will encourage you to visit the NNU as often as possible to help the bonding process along.

If you can’t be physically close to your baby, your midwife may give you pictures of her. Looking at pictures of your new baby can help you to bond with her. Just seeing an image of your baby may also help you to express milk for her while she is being cared for in the NNU.

Can I do anything to help the bonding process at birth?

Try to have skin-to-skin contact with your baby as soon as you can. Skin-to-skin is when your baby is placed on your chest as soon as you’re ready to hold her. Your newborn bonds through touch and smell, and her senses are tuned in to respond to your unique smell and the feel of your bare skin.

Your midwife may also encourage you to breastfeed your baby soon after you have given birth to help you both bond.

You may not be able to hold your baby straight after she is born. This may be because you’ve had a caesarean, or if your baby needs special care. Try not to worry, as you haven’t missed a crucial chance to bond. Your midwife should help you to have skin-to-skin contact with your baby as soon as it’s possible to do so.

If your baby is premature, she can have skin-to-skin contact when she is strong enough. Skin-to-skin contact for premature babies, also called kangaroo care, will comfort your baby and encourage her development. It will also help you to bond with each other.

What else can I do to build our bond?

Rest assured that your attachment will develop gradually through everyday caring for your baby, when you:

answer her cries
hold her close and cuddle her
give her plenty of eye contact
talk to her
smile at her

Even when you’re not holding your baby, try to keep her close to you, so she can see you. Have her nearby in her Moses basket or carrycot during the day. Keep your baby in your room at night for her first six months, so you can tend to her quickly and easily when she needs you.

Responding to your baby promptly when she’s upset, as well as when she’s happy, helps to build these strong bonds of trust. This love, attention and affection will help her to thrive.

Interacting with your baby as you care for her doesn’t just help you to bond, and her to flourish. It also helps your baby’s brain to grow and develop.

Baby massage may help along the bonding process. As you massage your baby, it will come naturally to you to chat to her and make eye contact with her. You’ll also learn to read your baby’s cues as you massage her. You could ask your midwife or health visitor whether there are any baby massage classes in your area. Your local children’s centre should also be able to help you find a class.

You may not have to do anything specific to develop an attachment to your baby. It may simply be the first time you see her smile that you realise you’re completely and utterly filled with joy and love for her.

What if I don’t bond with my baby straight away?

Try not to worry. You’re certainly not alone, as many mums aren’t ready to bond with their baby immediately. You may feel guilty about not feeling an incredible attachment to your new baby immediately. But bonding is an individual experience that develops at its own pace. It may take days, weeks or months for the bond between you and your baby to develop fully.

Your baby may be cute and cuddly, but she’s also an entirely new person, one you may have to get to know before you become truly close.

Skin-to-skin contact with your baby, by both you and your baby’s dad, will help you all to strengthen your attachment to each other.

Be reassured that as you get to know your baby and learn how to soothe her and enjoy her presence, your feelings of attachment will deepen.

When should I worry?

It may be that, after a few weeks, you don’t feel more attached to your baby than you did on the day she was born. You may even feel detached from her and resentful, or hostile towards her, or blame her for the way you feel. It could be that you are exhausted and need some extra support.

If that’s the case, talk to your doctor or health visitor as soon as you can. Try not to worry about sharing your deepest feelings, even if you feel bad about them. Your doctor and health visitor are used to hearing about new parents’ worries and fears. It’s important that you’re honest so you can get the help you and your baby need.

Postnatal depression (PND) is more than the baby blues. PND can delay bonding and make it harder for you to respond quickly and sensitively to your baby’s needs.

It’s important that you seek help as soon as you notice the symptoms of PND. But rest assured that it is both common and treatable. Your doctor will be able to offer you the support and treatment that you need to help you recover and develop a lasting bond with your baby.

Will her dad bond easily with her?

Your baby’s dad is likely to experience his own feelings of attachment if he:

talks to your bump
is at your baby’s birth
cuts your baby’s cord after the birth
holds your baby
bathes your baby

It’s thought that dads also experience hormonal changes before the baby is born, and these changes may prepare them for fatherhood. Some maternity units encourage dads to experience skin-to-skin contact as soon as possible after their baby is born.

Seeing your baby’s first smile, trying baby massage and early play may help her dad to form and strengthen attachments with his newborn. Though for some dads, the bonding process does take a bit longer.

Creating a Positive Relationship with Your Child’s Child Care and Preschool Teacher

March 13, 2019 Posted in UncategorizedLeave a comment

A positive parent-teacher relationship can help your child be more successful. These tips can help you improve communication with your child’s child care or preschool teacher.

When aspiring educators are in teacher-education programs, they learn a lot about the importance of building strong relationships with families. Clearly this is a key responsibility of teachers.

But what is our responsibility as parents in communicating with our child’s child care and preschool teacher? Is there a particular role we should be playing? Are there parameters? We know that when parents are involved in their child’s education, the child tends to be more successful.

This parent-teacher relationship can be a challenge because you often have a year at best for it to grow and develop. Just when it feels like you have the relationship right where you want it, it’s time for your child to move on from their caregiver or teacher, which can lead to anxiety for them and a new teacher relationship for you.

When choosing child care, it is not all about location but rather all about relationships, relationships, relationships. Parent-child, teacher-child, child-child, and parent-teacher relationships are all key to your child’s early learning. We know that within relationships, we need time to build trust, confidence in each other and a safe space to be honest. We want a relationship with our child’s early education teacher with give and take, where we can both feel free to ask questions and give information.

Tips for Communicating with Your Child’s Early Education Teacher

Find out best time and way of contacting your child’s teacher. Often the primary times that we interact with our child’s teacher are at drop-off and pick-up, which can be the more stressful, hurried times of the day. Ask when the best time to talk to your child’s teacher is or if alternate modes of communication are preferred, such as phone or email. He/she can often suggest better times or ways to communicate.
Attend family events. We know that having children under six can be one of the busiest times in our parenting lives. There is always more to do than we have time for. That said, attempt to attend as many parent events as you can and when you can’t, no need to feel guilty. When there are two parents in your family, consider alternating who attends, or send a grandparent or aunt. When you can’t, maybe you can visit another day and bring some breakfast items to share.
Seek alternate ways to engage with your child’s teacher. If your schedule doesn’t allow you to do drop-off or pick-up and/or you travel a lot, there are other ways to build relationships. Many centers use journals that they pass back and forth between home and the center and both teachers and parents write details of their child’s days and development and pose questions. This is a great way to stay in touch. If your child care center or preschool does not utilize journals, suggest adopting the practice.
Ask your child’s teacher questions. You are the one who gets up in the middle of the night with him, takes care of him when sick, and does the mundane and not so mundane tasks. Being confident in your parenting means that you also are confident enough to ask questions of your child’s teacher who also knows your child, cares about him and can add to your knowledge and understanding of how he learns best.
Take advantage of parent-teacher conferences. Even if you feel like you and the teacher have talked enough, still schedule a conference. There is always more to learn and the conference strengthens your relationship with the teacher as well as informing you about your child.
Don’t wait until something escalates to talk about it. If you have a concern, let the teacher know as soon as possible. For example, your child tells you another child is hitting her repeatedly when they are outside. Don’t wait until the next incident, but bring it to the teacher’s attention now and talk through strategies.
Give thanks! Early education teachers are skilled professionals and deserve our respect and thanks. Saying “thank you” can go a long way. Take time when you can to learn about your child’s teachers, both in their teaching roles and as people while keeping professional boundaries.

Like any relationship, the parent-teacher relationship takes time and practice to nurture and grow. Consider this as one of the most important relationships in your child’s life and give the relationship the attention it deserves.

Breastfeeding for beginners

March 13, 2019 Posted in UncategorizedLeave a comment

Why is breastmilk special?

Breastmilk is perfectly designed to nourish your baby and protect her against illness when she’s at her most vulnerable in her early months. Breastmilk is very easy for your baby to digest, plus it’s free and available whenever your baby wants it.

Feeding your baby only breastmilk in her first six months (exclusive breastfeeding) is particularly good for her. Exclusive breastfeeding gives your baby:

Every nutrient she needs to thrive and grow well.
Hormones to help her body function well.
Disease-fighting compounds that protect her against illness. Breastfed babies are much less likely than formula-fed babies to suffer from diarrhoea and vomiting, colds, chest infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, and ear infections.
Microbes that help her organs, gut, immune system and brain to develop.

Breastfeeding can also be a life-saver. Breastfed babies have a lower risk of childhood leukaemia and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Formula milk has none of the unique ingredients that your breastmilk has.

As well as the health benefits, exclusive breastfeeding can improve your baby’s understanding and learning abilities.

If you have allergies in your family, breastfeeding may protect your baby for longer against eczema, although it’s unlikely to prevent eczema altogether.

Your baby loves the smell of your skin, and to feel your warmth and closeness when you hold her. When you breastfeed, you release the “love hormone” oxytocin. All this helps you and your baby to develop a strongbond through breastfeeding.How breastfeeding helps you bond with your babyPlay VideoFind out how breastfeeding creates a special closeness.More baby videosYour breastmilk adjusts to your baby’s needs as she grows. Being breastfed may help your baby to stay healthier when she’s older too. Breastfed babies are less likely than formula-fed babies to be overweight or obese in adulthood, or to develop type 2 diabetes.

Breastfeeding is good for you, too, and may help you to lose your baby weight, as long as you’re eating healthily and keeping active. In the long term, it also protects you against:

breast cancer and ovarian cancer
being overweight or obese
developing type 2 diabetes
developing endometriosis

How easy is breastfeeding?

Breastfeeding is a skill you and your baby learn together. Neither of you has done it before, so it’s normal to have to practise and persevere until you both get the hang of it.

Plenty of new mums find breastfeeding tough at first. If you’re struggling, you’re not alone. Talk to your community midwife, or ask to be referred to a breastfeeding specialist. A specialist can watch you feed your baby, and suggest ways to make breastfeeding easier and more comfortable.

The NCT, La Leche League and The Breastfeeding Network can help you find a skilled supporter in your area.

Your health visitor is also a great source of support and advice. She can put you in touch with local groups where you can meet other breastfeeding mums.

Encourage your partner to learn about breastfeeding too, so he’s ready to give you lots of support and practical help.

Take a look at our solutions for common breastfeeding problems.

How do I start breastfeeding?

Find a comfortable place before you start. Feeds can take anything from five minutes to more than an hour, so you may need to settle in for a while. Try different spots until you find what works for you.
Hold your baby in a position that won’t make your arms and back ache. Have cushions or pillows nearby to support you or your baby. Laid-back breastfeeding means your baby can rest on your body, while your hands are free to support her. Or try the cradle hold, which means cradling your baby across your chest, raised up on a cushion or pillow. It depends on what’s most comfortable for you.
If you have large breasts, you may find it more comfortable to lie on your side while feeding, or you may want to try holding your baby under your arm in a rugby ball position.
Pay attention to how your breasts feel when your baby latches on. She should take in a big mouthful of breast, not just your nipple. If she’s sucking just your nipple, it may hurt.
If it hurts after your baby has latched on, give it 30 seconds or so to settle down. If it’s still painful, gently break the suction by inserting your little finger between her gums and your nipple, and try again. Focus on how your baby’s attachment feels, rather than how it looks. Once your baby latches on comfortably, she’ll be able to do the rest.

Is breastfeeding in public protected by the law?

Yes, you have the right to breastfeed in public places in England, Scotland and Wales. In Scotland, a specific law protects your right to breastfeed. In England and Wales, your right to feed in public is protected by equality law.

The rules differ slightly in Northern Ireland, but you have some protection under sex discrimination law. Plans are in the pipeline to introduce a specific law giving women the right to breastfeed in public.

It’s normal to feel shy about breastfeeding in front of other people at first.

If you feel self-conscious, there are tops that allow you to breastfeed discreetly. Stretchy tops you can pull up or down work well. Wearing layers is helpful – a vest underneath that you can pull down, and a big, loose top you can pull up, creates a space for your baby to feed. This will give you plenty of privacy while keeping you and your baby comfortable.

If you prefer, you could use a breastfeeding cover, or drape a scarf or muslin over your shoulder and chest while you feed. Make sure your baby can breathe easily, though. It’s ideal if you can keep eye contact with your baby, too.

Some larger shops have mum-and-baby rooms where you can sit and feed, and local councils also provide information about places where you are welcome to breastfeed.

Breastfeeding your baby when she’s hungry is your first priority, so try not to feel self-conscious about doing what’s best for her. You’ll probably find you get plenty of supportive words and glances from passers-by.

What should I buy for breastfeeding?

Buy at least two or three breastfeeding or nursing bras. These bras have hooks or zips that you can undo easily for feeding your baby.

Your bras need to be a comfortable fit, and to open completely for feeding. If the bra is tight-fitting it may press on your breasts and make you more prone to blocked ducts or mastitis.

Shopping with a newborn isn’t easy, so you may want to buy a couple of nursing bras in late pregnancy. Some department stores have staff who are trained to fit nursing bras after 36 weeks.

You may find that your breasts leak a little sometimes. This is perfectly normal. If it bothers you, keep a supply of washable or disposable breast pads handy. You could wear a light-weight nursing bra for night-time, so you can use breast pads while you sleep.

If you’re planning to express your breastmilk, you may want to buy a breast pump.

How long should I breastfeed for?

You can breastfeed for as long as you and your baby like. There’s no need to stop once your baby has started solid foods. Your baby will benefit the most if you feed her until the end of her second year.

Continuing to breastfeed while introducing solid foods to your baby may help her immune system. She may be less likely to develop health conditions such as type 1 diabetes.

Can I breastfeed after I go back to work?

You can continue to breastfeed if you’re going back to work. If your workplace has a nursery, you may be able to visit your baby during the working day, and breastfeed her as usual.

If, like most mums, you can’t visit your baby during the day, you may want to express milk. Or you may choose to breastfeed only when you are with your baby, and arrange for her to have formula milk during the day (combination feeding).

Let your employer know in writing if you want to breastfeed after you return to work, so a risk assessment can be carried out. This is to make sure that your workplace is safe for a breastfeeding mum.

Working mums who are supported to carry on breastfeeding take less time off and are more likely to stay on in their job. So it’s good for your employer too.